PERPUSTAKAAN INDONESIA - TIONGKOK

Place of Birth : Xiangling County, He Dong Prefecture (Presently Lifen, Shanxi Province) Lifespan : AD 174 – Circa 230 Titles : General Who Establishes Our Prestige, Lord of Yangli Precinct, Respectful Lord Jia Kui was a skilful martial artist and studied tactics under his grandfather. His first appointment as officials was in He Dong Prefecture; he was later promoted to Magistrate of Mianchi County. When Cao Mengde was fighting Ma Chao, Jia Kui held position as Governor of Hong Nong Prefecture. A few years later Liangdao took up the post of Chief Secretary of the Prime Minister and Official in charge of admonition and arbitration. After Cao Pi ascended the throne as Emperor, Jia Kui was successively appointed as Governor of Yeling Prefecture, Governor of Weijun, and Prefect of Yu Zhou. For his exemplary duties Liangdao earned the title Lord of the Second Rank. Additionally Jia Kui initiated the renovation of weapons, the re-organization of the armed forces, t

Place of Birth : Xiangling County, He Dong Prefecture (Presently Lifen, Shanxi Province) Lifespan : AD 174 – Circa 230 Titles : General Who Establishes Our Prestige, Lord of Yangli Precinct, Respectful Lord   Jia Kui was a skilful martial artist and studied tactics under his grandfather. His first appointment as officials was in He Dong Prefecture; he was later promoted to Magistrate of Mianchi County. When Cao Mengde was fighting Ma Chao, Jia Kui held position as Governor of Hong Nong Prefecture. A few years later Liangdao took up the post of Chief Secretary of the Prime Minister and Official in charge of admonition and arbitration. After Cao Pi ascended the throne as Emperor, Jia Kui was successively appointed as Governor of Yeling Prefecture, Governor of Weijun, and Prefect of Yu Zhou. For his exemplary duties Liangdao earned the title Lord of the Second Rank. Additionally Jia Kui initiated the renovation of weapons, the re-organization of the armed forces, the

Place of Birth : Nanyang District (Presently Nanyang City in Henan Province) Lifespan : AD 148 – 221 (73 Years) Titles : General of the Rear, Lord of the Second Rank, Forthright Lord Huang Zhong started his career late in his life when the Yellow Turban rebellion had recently ended. He first served Liu Biao as Imperial Corps Commander and was in charge of defending Chang Sha. Later when Liu Biao was at war with Cao Cao, Hansheng took up the post as Deputy General under Han Xuan. At Nanjun, when Liu Bei was advancing south, he sent Guan Yu to intercept Huang Zhong. Guan Yu prevailed and captured Huang Zhong; who surrendered his forces and joined Liu Bei’s entourage. Hansheng accompanied Liu Bei when the latter was invading the Western River Lands of Ba Shu. For his great contributions, he was titled General Who Eliminated the Barbarians. In the twenty-fourth year of Rebuilt Tranquility ( AD 219), Huang Zhong guarded the important mountain pass at Dingjun ( 定军 ), an

Place of Birth : Quan Ling County, Ling Ling Precinct (Presently Ling Ling in Hunan Province) Life Span : AD 145 - ??? Titles : Auxiliary Corps Commander, Acting Colonel of the Firm Attack, Chief Commandant of Danyang, General of the Gentlemen of the Household, Governor of Wu Ling Huang Gai had a tough childhood, growing up in the poor southern county Quanling. Though he was in poverty, Huang Gai refused to be a mediocrity. During his breaks from cutting firewood, Huang Gai learnt to read and studied books of tactics. ( 1 ) Huang Gai started his career, running errands for the district office in Quanling. When Sun Jian took up the post of Grand Administrator of Chang Sha Commandery, Huang Gai went to serve him. When Dong Zhuo took over Luo Yang, Sun Jian was sent north to do battle and Huang Gai followed him as well ( 2 ). He was appointed Auxiliary Corps Commanding Officer and fought against Dong Zhuo in Liang Province under Sun Jian. After the death of Sun Jian,

Lifespan: AD ?–227 Birthplace: Shanyin, capital of Kuaji Commandery Titles: Chief of Yan County; Chief Commandant of Kuaiji (AD 196); General of the Gentlemen of the Household Who is Majestic and Firm (AD 208); Grand Administrator; General Who Exerts Himself Martially (AD 213) Relations: He Fu (father); He Jing , He Da (sons); He Shao , He Zhi (grandsons); He Chun (uncle); He Xun (great-grandson) He Qi, styled Gongmiao, hailed from Shanyin in Kuaiji and was the son of He Fu, who was earlier Chief of Yongning county. Growing up in Shanyin, He Qi was first locally appointed junior rank through his family’s powerful status, but he was later promoted to Chief of Yan County when he killed one Si Cong for breaking the law. Qi went on to rally the locals peoples of Shanyin to attack the rest of the Si clan’s followers and, through victory in battle, brought them to justice. Qi was thus well respected in Kuaiji and held a high reputation amongst its people

Place of Birth : Wan City, Nanyang Commandery Lifespan : AD 133 – 189 (56 Years) Titles : General of Cavalry and Chariots, Marquis of Wuyang Family : Empress He , He Jin He Miao was the older half-brother of Empress He. Miao was the son of the Lady of Wuyang, but had a different father ( 1 ). Like his younger brother, He Miao was sent to the Capital when his half-sister became the Empress He. The only military achievement of He Miao was when he put down a small rebellion in Henan Commandery, which was quite close to the Imperial Capital. He was awarded the rank of General of Chariots and Cavalry and titled Marquis of Wuyang ( 2 ). When Emperor Ling died in the last year of Central Stability ( AD 189), He Miao supported his nephew Liu Bian’s ascension. The eunuchs were afraid of losing their power when the He Family took over the Government and deposed the Empress-Dowager Dong. In order to gain favor with the new Empress-Dowager He, the eunuchs Zhang Rang and Duan Gui

Place of Birth : Wan City, Nanyang Commandery Lifespan : AD 135 – 189 (54 Years) Titles : Grand Administrator, Commander-in-Chief Family : Empress He , He Miao He Jin was the son of a butcher in Wan City and entered service of the Emperor Ling when his sister became the Head Concubine in his court (1) . When his sister became the Empress He, Suigao was appointed as Grand Administrator of Yingchuan Commandery. When the Yellow Scarves rebellion began in the first year of Central Stability ( AD 184), He Jin was appointed as Commander-in-Chief of the Imperial Forces. Though it can be said that He Jin was reasonably competent, he owed his appointment as Commander-in-Chief to his sister the Empress. He Jin’s campaign against the Yellow Scarves was a success, but even though the rebels were put down, the Empire was beyond repair (2) . On May 13th of the year AD 189, the Emperor Ling died and the fight for succession to the throne began. Emperor Ling already has several chi

Place of Birth : Unknown v Lifespan : AD 149 – 200 (51 Years) Titles : Governor of Luo Yang Han Fu was a general of Cao Cao from the beginning of his career and held the post of Governor of Luo Yang. When Guan Yu was escaping from Cao Cao’s territory and preparing for his journey back to Liu Bei, Han Fu guarded one of the passes along the way. Yigong would not let Guan Yu pass and tried to shoot him with his bow. However, Han Fu was cut down by Guan Yu even though the latter was wounded.

Place of Birth : Ling Zi, Liao Xi (present Qi Anan in Hebei Province) Lifespan : AD 156 – 223 (67 years) Titles : General who Exhibits Forcefulness and Power, Lord of the Capital Precinct, Governor of Yong Chang One of Sun Jian’s first generals, and highly respected as a warrior and leader by Sun Jian. Han Dang was a physically impressive individual who took pride in personal appearance. It was said that Han Dang’s arms were as strong as steel, and he was a master of archery and riding. While serving Sun Jian, Han Dang was always present while fighting the Yellow Turban rebels, and was appointed as Auxiliary Corps Commanding Officer, for his contributions. Han Dang naturally followed his colleagues in serving Sun Ce after Sun Jian’s death in Jing Zhou. While Han Dang did not actively participate in the conquer of Jiang Dong, he was appointed to the rear guard to ensure safe passage for Sun Ce. When Sun Ce declared independence, Han Dang was appointed Commandant who

Place of Birth : Zhangye City (Presently Zhangye City in Gansu Province) Lifespan : AD 146 – 197 (51 Years) Titles : Great General, Grand Commander   Guo Si started his career as Commandant under Dong Zhuo’s general Niu Fu. After his Lord’s death at the hand of Lü Bu, Guo Si, together with Fan Chou and Li Jue attacked the capital Chang An. Lü Bu was not able to defend against multiple forces and withdrew from the city ( 1 ). Guo Si divided Chang An into three parts for himself and his two friends. Guo Si dealt with all government affairs and terrorized both the common people and the Han ministry. He styled himself Great General, and later Grand Commander. Guo Si and Li Jue were tricked into fighting each other in Chang An, resulting in more damage to the weakened city ( 2 ). Later in the second year of rebuilt tranquility ( AD 197), Guo Si was killed by his officer Wei Xu.

Place of Birth : Yangqu City, Taiyuan Prefecture (Presently Tai Yuan City in Shanxi Province) Lifespan : AD 187 – 255 (68 Years) Titles : Historiographer, Senior Advisor Who Controls the West, Lord of Shating, General of the Forward Army, Faithful Lord Family : None As an adult, Guo Huai was recommended for his filial piety and personal integrity. He took up the posts of Assistant in the Office of Pingyuan County, Court Counselor, Historiographer in the Prime Minister’s Office, and Commander under Xiahou Yuan, successively. When Xiahou Yuan died in the battle for Mount Dingjun, Boji collected the scattered remnants of the defeated army. Henceforth, Zhang He was appointed as the new Commander General, and the army was stabilized. When Cao Pi ascended the throne as Emperor of Wei, Guo Huai was appointed as Senior Advisor Who Controls the West, and titled Lord of the Second Rank. Later on, he was appointed as Prefect of Youzhou, Imperial Protector of Yong Zhou, and ti

Place of Birth : Xie County, Hedong (Presently Yuncheng in Shan Xi Province) Lifespan : AD 162 – 219 (57 Years) Titles : General Who Eliminates Bandits, Lord of Hanshou Precinct, Courageous and Harmonious Lord Guan Yu was forced to leave his home county after killing a local ruffian.  He went to Zhou County and met Liu Bei who was looking for volunteers. Liu Bei, Zhang Fei and Guan Yu swore an oath of brotherhood in a peach garden. When Liu Bei served under Gongsun Zan, Guan Yu volunteered to fight against the mighty warrior Hua Xiong, who was serving Dong Zhuo. Yunchang killed him before his heated wine could cool off, and earned the reputation of fearsome warrior ( 1 ). During Liu Bei’s occupation of Xu Zhou, Guan Yu was appointed Governor of Xia Ye. In the fifth year of Rebuilt Tranquility ( AD 200), Cao Cao invaded Xu Zhou and separated the forces of the three brothers. In order to safeguard Liu Bei’s family, Guan Yunchang surrendered to Cao Cao and served hi

Place of Birth : Xie County, He Dong Prefecture (Presently Yuncheng in Shan Xi Province) Lifespan : AD 193 – 2?? Titles : Commander of the Left Guard, Flying Dragon General Family : Guan Yu (father), Guan Ping, Guan Suo (brothers), Guan Tong, Guan Yi (sons), Zhang Bao (sworn brother) Guan Xing was the second son of Guan Yu, and the brother of Guan Ping and Guan Suo ( 1 ). Guan Xing was an energetic and fun loving child, he spent his days practicing the martial arts with his older brother and father; and enjoyed riding horses. Guan Xing was around the same age as Zhang Fei’s son Zhang Bao, and the two spent much time together in their youth. As their fathers before them, Guan Xing and Zhang Bao swore an oath of brotherhood. After Guan Yu’s death in AD 219, Xingguo followed Liu Bei in the attack on Wu ( 2 ). Guan Xing attacked and killed his enemy Pan Zhang; the person who captured his father and also took his prized possession ( 3 ). Though the battle of Yi Ling aga

Place of Birth : Linjiang, Ba Prefecture (Presently Zhong County in Sichuan Province) Lifespan : AD 175 – Circa 218 Titles : General Who Oppresses the Enemy with Ferocity, Grand Administrator of Xiling In his youth, Gan Ning was brave and strong; however he did not have any rules and used his skills for assassination and plunder. He originally led a group of youths and terrorized small towns ( 1 ). In his twenties however, Gan Ning started reading the classical literature from Zhou dynasty intellectuals. When Gan Ning was living in Nanyang, he sought to serve Liu Biao, but he was not granted an audience ( 2 ). Instead he went to serve Huang Zu, but was never granted a position of importance. When Sun Quan was attacking Huang Zu, Gan Ning killed Sun Quan’s commander Ling Cao with an arrow attack and was able to hold off Sun Quan’s attack. However, the old Huang Zu did not recognize Xingba’s actions and treated him just as badly as before. Seeking the advice of Su Fei,

Fu Xi is the first of three noble emperors, the San Huang, in Chinese mythology ( 1 ). According to folklore he ruled from 2952 to 2836 BC (116 years) or from 2852 to 2737 BC (115 years) ( 2 ). Fu Xi taught mankind arts, such as fishing, the breeding of silk worms, and taming wild animals. He also invented music, and, most importantly, the eight trigrams, which are said to be the basis of all Chinese writing. Also attributed to him is the invention of casting oracles by the use of yarrow stalks. Fu Xi is also said to have invented the one hundred Chinese family names, and ordered that marriages may only take place between persons bearing different family names ( 3 ). Fu Xi is represented as a human being with the body of a snake. He’s married to his sister Nu Wa, the creation Goddess. In Taoist temples he is usually portrayed holding a panel on which the eight trigrams are inscribed. They represent the heavens.

Place of Birth : Wan City, Nanyang Commandery Lifespan : Unknown (1) Titles : Honored Lady, Empress, Empress-Dowager Family : He Jin , He Miao (brothers), Liu Bian (Han Shaodi) (son), Emperor Ling (husband), Lady Jun of Wuyang (mother), Younger sister (married to the son of Zhang Rang), Empress-Dowager Dong (mother-in-law), Emperor Huan (father-in-law), Zhang Rang (uncle by law) (1) Since concubines were usually young when selected, and since Hou Han shu records her as a woman of striking appearance, we can conclude that the Lady He must have been a woman in her early twenties or possibly younger. With this theory, we can say that the Lady He was born around AD 160. Empress He, a woman of great beauty, was selected to be in Emperor Ling’s harem during the annual selection of concubines, which took place in the eighth month of each year (2) . Her character and beauty earned her the title of Guiren or Honoured Lady, and she gave birth to the child Liu Bian, the

Place of Birth : Baiting in Qi Served : Served: Liu Yao Lifespan : AD 160–230 Titles : Queen, Queen Dowager, Empress Dowager, Celebrious of the Martial Emperor, Grand Empress Dowager Family : Bian Yuan (father), Bian Bing (brother), Cao Cao (husband), Cao Pi, Cao Zhang, Cao Zhi, Cao Xiong (sons) Empress Bian (the Celebrious of the Martial Emperor) of Kaiyang in Langye was the third wife of Cao Cao and the mother of Emperor Wen, and his brothers Zhong, Zhi and Xiong. She originally was in a brothel, but at age twenty, Cao Cao took her as a concubine. When Cao Cao moved to Luoyang, she traveled with him. When he fled Luoyang (I) and Yuan Shu began spreading rumors of his death, his associates wanted to leave the city. The empress stopped them from leaving (II) , and when Cao heard of this, he praised her. At the beginning of the Jian’an period, Cao Cao set aside his first wife, Lady Ding (III) and made Bian his next wife. She raised all of his children whose

Place of Birth : Luo Yang Lifespan : AD 181 – 234 (53 Years) Titles : Prince of Chen Liu, Han Emperor, Lord of Shanyang Family : Emperor Ling (father), Consort Wang (mother), Empress Dowager Dong (grandmother), Emperor Shao (older brother) Liu Xie was the second son of Han Emperor Ling and the Consort Wang. ( 1 ). On May fifteenth in the sixth year of Central Stability ( AD 189), Liu Xie’s father died and his older brother Liu Bian was placed on the throne as the Emperor Shao. Liu Xie was titled the King of Chen Liu soon after. He Jin and the Empress-Dowager He tried their best to keep Emperor Shao as their Emperor, but the internal discord between them and the palace eunuchs caused great trouble. When Dong Zhuo entered the capital Luo Yang, he replaced the Emperor Shao with the then eight year old Liu Xie. On September twenty–eighth of AD 189, Liu Xie was made the Emperor Xian. ( 2 ). The reign title was changed to Beginning Peace

Place of Birth : Luoyang, Si Li Province Lifespan : AD 173 – 190 (17 Years) Titles : Lord Shi, King of Hongnong, Emperor Shao Family : Empress He (mother), Emperor Ling (father), Empress-Dowager Dong, Lady Jun of Wuyang (grand-mothers), Emperor Huan, Marquis of Wuyang (grand-fathers), Emperor Xian (half-brother), He Miao , He Jin (uncles), Aunt (married to the son of Zhang Rang) Liu Bian was the son of the Han Emperor Ling, and his head concubine Lady He. He had a younger half-brother, Liu Xie, borne from the Beauty Wang, but Lady He poisoned the Beauty Wang out of jealousy. Emperor Ling had several other children, but all of them died when they were still young (1) . In an effort to protect his children, Emperor Ling sent Liu Bian to live with a Taoist named Shi Zimiao, and thus he came to be named Lord Shi. His brother Liu Xie was sent to live with the Empress-Dowager Dong, the mother of Emperor Ling, and thus he came to be named Lord Dong. Emperor Ling had al

Place of Birth : Anfeng County, Lu Jiang (Presently He Qui, An Hui Province) Lifespan : AD 190 – 271 (81 Years) Titles : General Who Eliminates the Bandits, Lord of An Feng, Great Minister of War Ding Feng was known as a brave warrior and skilful strategist. In his youth, Ding Feng followed troops to fight on many occasions, and earned the reputation of the bravest man in the army. Sun Quan appointed him as General Who Surpasses All Others and he was titled Lord of the Capital Precinct. At the end of the Three Kingdoms era, Ding Feng led troops against Wei’s Zhuge Dan and was promoted to General Who Eliminates the Bandits and Lord of Anfeng. After Sun Xiu succeeded the throne as Wu Emperor, Ding Feng aided the Emperor in assassinating the tyrant Sun Chen. For this he was promoted to Great General and District Guard of the Left and Right. He was also given the seal of Protector of Xu Zhou. After Sun Xiu’s death, Ding Feng welcomed Sun Hao as the new Empe

Place of Birth : Jiwu County, Chen Liu Kingdom (Presently Hesui County in Henan Province) Lifespan : AD 160 – 197 (37 Years) Titles : Commander, Commander of the Capital District, Lord of the Second Rank Family : Dian Man (son) Dian Wei was a fierce man of a common background. He first served Zhang Miao, but he got into a fight with his roommates and ended up killing a dozen of them with his bare hands. After that he fled into the mountains where he chased wild Tigers for food, there he met Xiahou Dun, who introduced him to Lord Cao. Lord Cao wanted proof of Dian Wei’s strength, so the latter went out to the compound where the fierce wind was threatening to blow over a flag pole. While several soldiers were trying to keep it standing, Dian Wei shouted at the men to leave and used one hand to straighten the pole. Lord Cao was in awe of his strength and recruited Dian Wei into his army and placed him as Commander under Xiahou Dun ( 1 ). When Lord Cao led his troops aga

Chun Yuqiong was one of Yuan Shao’s officers from the beginning of the latter’s career. He was known as a heavy drinker and was often seen indulging himself in wine with his officers. Place of Birth : Unknown Lifespan : AD 146 – 200 (54 Years) Titles : General During the decisive battle of Guan Du, Zhongjian was commanded to guard the food depot at Wuchao. Cao Cao’s food supply was running low, so instead of a drawn out campaign, Cao Cao followed Xu You’s advice and scored victory by burning down Wuchao ( 1 ). Chun Yuqiong was too drunk to defend the depot and Cao Cao scored a mayor victory. Chun Yuqiong was captured by Cao Cao and was deprived of ears, nose and hands. The mutilated man was bound on a horse and sent back to Yuan Shao, who promptly had him executed.

Place of Birth : Unknown Lifespan : AD 146 – 200 (54 Years) Titles : General Chun Yuqiong was one of Yuan Shao’s officers from the beginning of the latter’s career. He was known as a heavy drinker and was often seen indulging himself in wine with his officers. During the decisive battle of Guan Du, Zhongjian was commanded to guard the food depot at Wuchao. Cao Cao’s food supply was running low, so instead of a drawn out campaign, Cao Cao followed Xu You’s advice and scored victory by burning down Wuchao ( 1 ). Chun Yuqiong was too drunk to defend the depot and Cao Cao scored a mayor victory. Chun Yuqiong was captured by Cao Cao and was deprived of ears, nose and hands. The mutilated man was bound on a horse and sent back to Yuan Shao, who promptly had him executed.